Glossary

• Drinking Water: Water treated to be apt for human consumption.

• Human capital: The knowledge, aptitudes and experience of human beings, which make them economically productive. Human capital can be increased by investing on education, attention to health and labor training.

• Social capital: Set of characteristics of social organization such as networks, norms and social trust that facilitate the coordination and cooperation for mutual benefit, for consequent implications in the social and economic production, in the development and democratic consolidation.

• Global malnutrition: is the number of children younger than 5 years who show signs of global malnutrition or low weight for their age expressed as a percentage of the total of boys and girls in that age group in a determined year. Global malnutrition is the deficiency of weight with regard to age.

• Initial Education and Basic School Education: In 1994, the Educational Reform started in the classroom; going from Primary to Secondary, from 6 years each and from 7 to 18 years of age, to Basic School Education of 3 cycles, of 3 years each and Middle School of 3 years, from 6 to 14 and from 15 to 17 years of age, respectively. In 2001 the change finished in Basic School Education with the 9th grade. Initial Education pertains then to the programs of Kindergarten and Preschool, and the Basic School one to grades 1 to 9. For the purposes of this study initial education is considered to include preschool and children who are 5 years old.

• Social Expenditure: It is the expenditure that attends to the needs of people in Education, Health, Social Promotion and Action, Investment on Social Service, Social Security, Science and Technology, Labor Relationships, Housing and Urbanism, Drinking Water, Sewage System and other urban services.

• Registration: Group of students that register in an educational institution to receive tuition.

• Zero Base Budget: The Zero Base Budget is the budget that is prepared on the basis of objectives and goals that are clearly defined. This technique seeks to avoid that budgets be simple repetitions of the budgets of earlier years plus a percentage of increase.

• Extreme poverty: In Paraguay, people in situation of extreme poverty (indigence) are defined as those people unable to afford basic food supplies, which in 2001 were of US$ 1.74 per day and per person. Amount that is similar to that of the Goal that may be used to estimate the proportion of people that suffer from hunger.

• National Budget: It is the set of expenditures and incomes planned by the government of a country for a period called “fiscal year”.

• Budget Item: Name used to denominate budget accounts or items.

• Basic sanitation: Provision of sanitary engineering and sewage elimination systems and other urban services.

• Basic Social Services: Following the specification adopted in the summit of Oslo, Basic Social Services are those that attend to the most basic needs of people. Basic education, primary attention to health, including reproductive health and population programs; nutrition programs, drinking water and rural sanitation or of low cost, as well as the institutional capacity to provide those services.

• Net enrolment ratio: This rate is obtained by dividing the registration of a level or educational cycle in a given age group (official age) and the population in the same age group in a determined year.